Хаджи-Мурат

"Hadji Murad" - Leo Tolstoy's novel, written in the late 1890s - early 1900s and published in 1912, after the death of the writer. The protagonist of the story - a real historical person, Hadji Murad Naib Shamil in 1851 defected to the Russian, and the following year died while attempting to flee to gory.Tolstoy served in the Caucasus during the war. He got there in twenty-three years, and in the diaries and letters repeatedly mentioned the story of the transition of Hadji Murad. In 1875 he read "Collection of information about the Caucasian highlanders", later in close contact with the researcher Arnold Zissermanom Caucasian War. [1]

The idea of ​​the story was born in July 1896, when Tolstoy saw warped burr and wrote in his diary that a burr reminded him of Hadji Murad. The first sketch is dated August of the same year. After that Tolstoy began studying the literature on the history of Hadji Murad and the fighting in the Caucasus. The second and third drafts were made in the end of 1897. In early 1898, Tolstoy wrote two more variants, and then for three years in the diaries is no mention of "Hadji Murad". Much of the story was ready in August-September 1902, however, Tolstoy decided to add a snippet dedicated to Nicholas I, and spent some time studying the sources. Apparently recent edits dated cember 1904 [1].

Story was not published during his lifetime by the decision of the writer Tolstoy. It was first published in "Posthumous literary works of Leo Tolstoy" in Moscow in 1912, with the exceptions of censorship, in the same year she left uncut in Berlin. For the first time, "Hadji Murad," was published in Russian in 1917 entirely.