ئۇيغۇر مىللىتى - History of the Uyghur people

(English)

The Uyghurs alternately Uygurs, Uighurs or Uigurs, are a minority Turkic ethnic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the general region of Central and East Asia.

The Uyghurs are recognized as native to the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. They are considered to be one of China's 55 officially recognized ethnic minorities.The Uyghurs are recognized by China only as a regional minority within a multicultural nation and China rejects the idea of them being an indigenous group.

The Uyghurs have traditionally inhabited a series of oases scattered across the Taklamakan Desert comprising the Tarim Basin, a territory which has historically been controlled by many civilizations including China, the Mongols, the Tibetans and the Turkic world. The Uyghurs started to become Islamised in the tenth century and became largely Muslim by the 16th century and Islam has since played an important role in Uyghur culture and identity.

An estimated 80% of Xinjiang's Uyghurs still live in the Tarim Basin. The rest of Xinjiang's Uyghurs mostly live in Ürümqi, the capital city of Xinjiang UAR, which is located in the historical region of Dzungaria. The largest community of Uyghurs living in another region of China are the Uyghurs living in Taoyuan County, in North-Central Hunan.

The World Uyghur Congress estimates the Uyghur population outside of China at about 1.0 - 1.6 million.[citation needed] Significant diasporic communities of Uyghurs exist in the Central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.[27] Smaller communities live in Canada, Germany, Belgium, Norway, Sweden, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Afghanistan, Australia, the United States and the Netherlands.[citation needed]

Since 2016, it is estimated that over a million Uyghurs have been detained in Xinjiang re-education camps. According to Chinese government operating procedures, obtained by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ), the main feature of the camps is to ensure adherence to Chinese Communist Party ideology. Inmates are continuously held captive in the camps for a minimum of 12 months depending on their performance in Chinese ideology tests.Communication between inmates and their family members is limited to one phone call per week. In 2017, Human Rights Watch released a report saying "The Chinese government agents should immediately free people held in unlawful 'political education' centers in Xinjiang, and shut them down." United Nations and many[quantify] media reports said as many as one million people are held in such "re-education camps" in this region. As of November 2019, 1 in 10 Uyghurs are being detained in re-education camps.

(ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche)

ئۇيغۇرلار - ئۇيغۇر تىلىدا سۆزلىشىدىغان، ئېتنوگرافىيىسى ئورخۇن-يەنسەي ۋادىسى، ئوتتۇرا ئاسىيا رايونى بولغان، ھازىر جۇڭگو شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونىنىڭ ئاساسىي گەۋدىسى، قەدىمىي ئۇرخۇن مەدەنىيىتى، كىروران مەدەنىيىتى قاتارلىق بۈيۈك مەدەنىيەتلەرنىڭ ھەقدارى بولغان بۈزرۈك مىللەت كىشىلىرىنىڭ ئورتاق مىللىي نامى. ئۇيغۇر خەلقى تۈركىي مىللەتلىرىنىڭ ئايرىلماس بىر قىسمى ھەم مۇھىم بىر تەركىبىي قىسمى بولۇپ، باشقا تۈركىي مىللەتلىرى بىلەن بىللە ئۆزىنىڭ بۈيۈك تارىخىنى ياراتقان. ئەمگەكچان، تىنچلىق پەرۋەر، كەمتەر، سۆيۈملۈك، مېھماندوست ۋە گۈزەل ئەخلاق-پەزىلەتلىك كىشىلەردۇر.


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