አማርኛ - History of Amharic Language

(English)

Amharic is one of the Ethiopian Semitic languages, which are a subgrouping within the Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic languages. It is spoken as a first language by the Amharas and as a lingua franca by other populations residing in major cities and towns of Ethiopia.

Amharic language is conjecturally originated as result of a pidginization process to create a common means of communicating with a Cushitic substratum and Semitic superstratum to enable communication between people who spoke a mix of different languages . This pidginization of the new language had enabled the soldiers create communication means independent of the church which used the Geʽez language.

The language serves as the official working language of Ethiopia, and is also the official or working language of several of the states within the Ethiopian federal system.With 21,811,600 total speakers as of 2007, including around 4,000,000 L2 speakers, Amharic is the second-most commonly spoken Semitic language in the world, after Arabic.

Amharic is written left-to-right using a system that grew out of the Ge'ez script, called, in Ethiopian Semitic languages, Fidäl (ፊደል), "writing system", "letter", or "character" or abugida (አቡጊዳ), from the first four symbols, which gave rise to the modern linguistic term abugida.

There is no agreed way of romanising Amharic into Latin script. The Amharic examples in the sections below use one system that is common, though not universal, among linguists specialising in Ethiopian Semitic languages.

(አማርኛ)

አማርኛ ፡ የኢትዮጵያ ፡ መደበኛ ፡ ቋንቋ ፡ ነው። ከሴማዊ ፡ ቋንቋዎች ፡ እንደ ፡ ዕብራይስጥ ፡ ወይም ፡ ዓረብኛ ፡ አንዱ ፡ ነው። በአፍሪካ ፡ ውስጥ ፡ ደግሞ ፡ ከምዕራብ ፡ አፍሪካው ፡ ሐውሳና ፡ ከምሥራቅ ፡ አፍሪካው ፡ ስዋሂሊ ፡ ቀጥሎ ፡ 3ኛውን ፡ ቦታ ፡ የያዘ ፡ ነው። እንዲያውም ፡ 85.6 ፡ ሚሊዮን ፡ ያህል ፡ ተናጋሪዎች ፡ እያሉት ፣ አማርኛ ፡ ከአረብኛ ፡ ቀጥሎ ፡ ትልቁ ፡ ሴማዊ ፡ ቋንቋ ፡ ነው። የሚጻፈውም ፡ በአማርኛ ፡ ፊደል ፡ ነው። አማርኛ ፡ ከዓረብኛና ፡ ከዕብራይስጥ ፡ ያለው ፡ መሰረታዊ ፡ ልዩነት ፡ እንደ ፡ ላቲን ፡ ከግራ ፡ ወደ ፡ ቀኝ ፡ መጻፉ ፡ ነው።

የሐማራ * ግዛት ፡ ተብሎ ፡ የሚታወቀው ፡ ቦታ ፡ በአሁኑ ፡ መካከለኛና ፡ ደቡብ ፡ ወሎ ፡ ይገኝ ፡ እንደነበር ፡ በታሪክ ፡ ይጠቀሳል። ከክርስቶስ ፡ ልደት ፡ በፊት ፡ ከ200 - 130 ዓ.ዓ. ፡ የነበረው ፡ አጋታርከስ ፡ ስለ ፡ ቀይ ፡ ባህር ፡ እና ፡ አካባቢው ፡ ሲጽፍ ፣ ትሮጎዶላይት ፡ ያላቸው ፡ ሕዝቦች - τής Kαμάρ λέξιςα (የካማራ Camàra ቋንቋ) ወይንም ፡ Kαμάρα λέξιςα (ካማራ Camàra ቋንቋ) ይናገሩ ፡ እንደነበር ፡ ዘግቧል። ከዚህ ተነስተው ፡ የተለያዩ ፡ ታሪክ ፡ አጥኝዎች ፡ የአጋታርከስ ፡ ካማራ ፡ ቋንቋ ፡ የአሁኑ ፡ አማርኛ ፡ ወላጅ ፡ እንደሆነ ፡ ያስረዳሉ።