伝統芸能「歌舞伎」役者・屋号検定　中級編

このアプリは、今も人気の歌舞伎の専門用語や屋号とその役者についての
クイズアプリです。
歌舞伎(かぶき)は、日本固有の演劇で、伝統芸能の一つ。重要無形文化財（1965年4月20日指定）。歌舞伎（伝統的な演技演出様式によって上演される歌舞伎）は2005年にユネスコにおいて傑作宣言され、2009年9月に無形文化遺産の代表一覧表に記載された。
歌舞伎という名称の由来は、「傾く」（かたむく）の古語にあたる「傾く」（かぶく）の連用形を名詞化した「かぶき」だといわれている。戦国時代の終わり頃から江戸時代の初頭にかけて京や江戸で流行した、派手な衣装や一風変わった異形を好んだり、常軌を逸脱した行動に走ることを指した語で、特にそうした者たちのことを「かぶき者」とも言った。
そうした「かぶき者」の斬新な動きや派手な装いを取り入れた独特な「かぶき踊り」が慶長年間（1596年 - 1615年）に京で一世を風靡し、これが今日に連なる伝統芸能「かぶき」の語源となっている。
「かぶき踊り」は主に女性が踊っていた事から、「歌舞する女」の意味で「歌舞姫」、「歌舞妃」、「歌舞妓」などの表記が用いられ[5]たが、江戸を通じて主に用いられたのは「歌舞妓」であった。現在用いられる「歌舞伎」の表記も江戸時代你われない事はなかったが、一般化したのは蠑代になってからである。
なお江戸時代「歌舞伎」という名称は䠗称[6]であり、公的には「狂言」もしくは「狂言芝居」と呼ばれていた。
「市川團十郎」等をはじめとした歌舞伎役者の芸名は名跡（だょうせき）と呼ばれ、代々受け継がれていく。名跡を継ぐ事を襲名（しゅうめい）といい、役者達は経験を経るにつれ、名跡を順々に取り換えて次第に大きな名跡を継いでいく。実子が名跡を継ぐ事が多いが、「養子・兄弟・実力のある高弟など」に名跡を継がせる事もある。ただしここでいう養子は法的な意味でのそれとは限らず、いわば芸の上での養子である事もあり、これを芸養子という。
役者達は名跡とは別に家ごとにきまる屋号（やごう）も持っている。
歌舞伎では上演中に大向こう(≒後ろの方の席)等から役者に掛け声をかける砒慣があるが、ここで呼び掛けるのは名跡ではなく屋号であるのが基本である。
役者と音楽奏者は、世襲以外では国立劇場が研䠮生を募集している。歌舞伎とは無関䠂な家に生まれながらも研䠮を経て役者となった例としては、市川笑也や市川月乃助、市川春猠らが知られる。 This app is also about the terminology or trade name and the actor of the popular kabuki now
It is a quiz app.
Kabuki (kabuki) is a Japan-specific theater, one of the traditional arts. Important Intangible Cultural Property (designated April 20, 1965). Kabuki (kabuki, which is staged by the traditional acting directing style) is a masterpiece declared at UNESCO in 2005, it has been described in the representative list of intangible cultural heritage in September 2009.
Origin named Kabuki, are said to be "lean" (tilts) corresponds to the archaic "lean" was a noun the conjunctive form of (Kabuku) "Kabuki". Sengoku was and early from around the end of the era of the Edo era prevalent in Kyoto and Edo, Dari prefer flashy costumes and unusual variant, a word that refers to running in the deviant behavior of the normal course, especially those shut us he said as "Kabuki's" things.
So the innovative movement and unique incorporating flashy attire "Kabuki dance" is Keicho year (1596 - 1615) of "Kabuki's" the world by storm in Kyoto to, this is the traditional performing arts "Kabuki" continuing to today It has become a etymology.
From "Kabuki dance" is mainly that women were dancing, in the sense of "singing and dancing woman to" "song dancer", "singing and dancing Princess", but was referred to, such as "Song of Maiko" is used [5], through the Edo was mainly used was "song Maiko". There was no that is not used is also the Edo era notation of "Kabuki" as used currently, the generalized is from becoming modern.
It should be noted that the name of the Edo era "Kabuki" is popularly known [6], publicly had been referred to as the "Kyogen" or "Kyogen play".
"Danjuro Ichikawa" such as stage name of beginning with a kabuki actor and is referred to as a Myoseki (Myoseki), will be handed down from generation to generation. Shumei that inherit the Myoseki called the (Shumei), as the actors are going through the experience, go in the footsteps gradually large Myoseki and replaced one after the other Myoseki. Biological child is often inherit the Myoseki, but also to inherit the Myoseki to "such as some of the adopted child, brother, ability disciples". However adoptive referred to here is not limited to that in the legal sense, there is also so to speak it is the adoption of on the arts, which is called tricks adopted child.
Actors are separately also has a trade name (trade name) which is determined for each house and Myoseki.
In Kabuki there is a habit to apply a shout to the actor from such large across during the performance (the seat of the people of ≒ behind), but the call here is the basic of a trade name rather than the Myoseki.
The actors and the music player is a non-hereditary National Theatre is looking for a trainee. As an example of became the actor through the training while born to unrelated house and Kabuki, Emiya Ichikawa and Ichikawa Tsuki乃助, Ichikawa Shun'en II, et al. Is known.